There are several common reasons a protein skimmer will overflow, but the most common is a chemical within the water itself.
Chemical Reaction - Some chemicals react with the air that the skimmer produces and causes the skimmer to overproduce foam. Chemicals that may cause skimmers to overflow are red slime remover, medications, reef/frag putties (epoxy Putty) frag glues, water conditioners, dechlorinators, stress coat, NEW filter socks, newly mixed salt, bacteria (seeding) additives as well as other dosing media. To remove these chemicals from the water column, we suggest that you do several 20% water changes over a month and add the right amount of fresh activated carbon to the system and change out every week till the skimmer has returned to regular operation.